MUSICAL TERMS
To enhance the performance of a piece of music, dynamic markings are added to the score by the composer or arranger.These may relate to the speed, intensity of sound, manner of performance, tonal quality and effects, required style and interpretation. Most of the terms used come from the Italian language. The following are a selection of the most commonly used:

SPEED
Adagio
Allegro
Allegretto
Andante
Andantino
Grave
Largamente
Largo
Larghetto
Lento
Moderato
Presto
Prestissimo
Sotto
Tempo comoda
Tempo primo
Vivace
slowly, leisurely
fast, lively
not so fast as Allegro
moderate pace
not so slow as Andante
grave,solemn
broad,slow
broad,slow
not so slow as Largo
very slow
moderate pace
quick
very quick
below,under
in convenient time
at the original speed
lively,quickly
MODIFICATIONS OF SPEED
Allargando
A tempo
A piacere
Meno allegro
Meno mosso
Piu mosso
Ritardando
Rallentando
Ritenuto
Accelerando
Stringendo
broadening/slowing
in time
at pleasure
less fast
slower
quicker
holding back
lackening pace
slower,held back
getting faster
pressing onwards
INTENSITY OF SOUND
Crescendo
Decrescendo
Diminuendo
Forte (f)
Fortissimo (ff)
(fff)
Messo-forte (mf)
Messo-piano (mp)
Piano (p)
Pianissimo (pp)
(ppp)
Dolce
Calando
Morendo
Smorzando
Forte-piano (fp)
Sforzando
getting louder <
getting softer >
getting softer >
loud
very loud
as loud as possible
moderately loud
moderately soft
soft
very soft
as soft as possible
sweetly & softly
decreasing
dying away
extinguishing
loud then soft
*
forcing < or ^
*
* used on single note or chord
MANNER OF PERFORMANCE
A capella
Attacca
Cantabile
Con moto
Da capo (D.C.)
Dal segna (D.S.)
Legato
Leggiero
Maestoso
Molto
Mosso or Moto
Poco a poco
Segue
Semplice
Sempre
Sostenuto
Tacet
Non troppo
in church style
go on at once
in singing style
with movement
from the beginning
from the sign
smoothly
lightly
majestically
much or very
movement
little by little
follow on at once
simply
always
sustained
be silent
not too much


Musical Terms... An information sheet for you to download


Singing Tips...
1. Pitching Intervals
- A page download to help you pitch intervals view >>
2. How the diaphragm affects the voice
- A page download about the diaphragm and singing view >>
3. Singing using the diaphragm
- A page download with link suggestions view >> 

Performance/rehearsal tips

1. Remember, one of the most important aspects of singing is actually listening. Listening to blend, balance, the sort of timbre (hard or soft sound) you produce, in relation to others. Your own voice part is not an isolated entity - it has to fit with others.

2. We can always improve diction. Don't be afraid to exaggerate diction - it's one way to communicate with an audience.

3. Remember to keep vowel sounds long and uniform.

4. Taking a breath after long notes is difficult to get right - it encourages folk to cut short those long note, which is undesirable. Long phrases generally.

5.
Be careful about pitch: when coming down in pitch (e.g. in a scale) careful to listen to the tuning - its times like that that music goes flat. Careful about approaching higher notes don't try and use chest voice for higher notes (ladies) - don't forget you can use falsetto (gentlemen), for higher notes. Think what the next pitch is.

6. Careful not to over-use of vibrato (especially gentlemen) - it can fudge/ destabilise the pitch.

7. Be aware of dynamic contrast in each piece.

8. Be careful singing high doesn't always mean loud and low doesn't always mean quiet. Even out the volume.

9.
Sing smoothly, unless directed otherwise. Don't change the volume on every note as in poor hymn singing.

10. Don't stab at difficult/syncopated rhythms - sing in a relaxed way

11. When singing, hold up your copies and watch the conductor so you can see any directions and be totally aware of what is going on around you. Look straight, not down.

12. In concerts be conscious of other peoples' space - are you obstructing someone's view - can you do anything about it. Don't lean towards another person to appear to be listening to them for help.

13. Stillness before and after each song - helps to create the right atmosphere/mood for each piece. Wait for the conductor to relax before you do.

14. Try and know the music - remember that knowing the music on your own is different to knowing the music with everyone else. We must strive to achieve both.

15. Finally, never think: `we know this one we've done it often'. This often results in errors because of a lack of concentration and/or a performance that doesn't sound fresh.



New members are always welcome...
New singers are always welcome to the choir. Rehearsals are held on Monday evenings, 7.30 to 9.30pm during term time at Ounsdale High School, Ounsdale Road, Wombourne, Wolverhampton, WV5 8BJ. For more information, contact our Membership Secretary, Eileen Brown on 01902 892391 or at
eileenbrown31@talktalk.net, or just turn up at one of our Monday rehearsals.

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